Why American Politics are Highly Polarized: Unveiling the Science Behind it
TL/DR –
Supporters of former president Donald Trump congregated in Atkinson, N.H., enduring challenging weather conditions to hear him speak after a victory in Iowa. Political experts have acknowledged a growing polarization in American society where policy preferences are now closely linked with a strong dislike for the opposition, a phenomenon termed “affective polarization”. This phenomenon is rooted in evolution, with humans inclined to form groups based on shared views and subsequently demonizing those who do not share the same beliefs.
Trump’s Polarization Powers
Former President Donald Trump is renowned for masterfully exploiting political sectarianism and igniting emotional responses in supporters, often telling them that they’re under threat. “Trump is excellent at cashing in on polarization,” according to Stanford political psychologist Shanto Iyengar.
Trump embarked on his presidential campaign in 2015, capitalizing on a country already split by divisive rhetoric, labeling the media as “the enemy,” and painting a picture of a besieged America. A campaign flier from New Hampshire features Trump mid-pump, captioned: “They’re not after me, they’re after you. … And I’m just standing in the way!”
At a recent rally, former Republican presidential contender Vivek Ramaswamy echoed this sentiment, stating, “We are in the middle of a war in this country … between the permanent state and the everyday citizen.” Dannagal Young, a professor of communication and political science at the University of Delaware, explains that Trump’s messaging isn’t just about fear, but also inciting anger as a mobilization tactic.
Media’s Role in Polarization
The media also contributes to the ongoing polarization by focusing on conflict, which naturally attracts attention. “We’re evolutionarily predisposed to pay attention to conflict, because we might be in danger. We don’t turn our heads quickly to look at a beautiful flower. We turn our heads quickly to look at something that may be dangerous,” explains political scientist Lilliana Mason. This aspect of human nature can be easily exploited by politicians.
“There are politicians who are good at this,” Mason says. “Trump is the best.”
Political Tribalism and Polarization
Increased political tribalism is noted in recent survey data, with over half of Republicans and Democrats viewing the opposing party as “a threat.” Nearly the same proportion concurs with labeling the other party as “evil.” In addition, about 30% of both parties agree with the statement that members of the opposition “lack the traits to be considered fully human — they behave like animals.”
Even among partisans, the escalating polarization is causing unease. Republican voter Brad Rowe fears that “We’re on the verge of a civil war, without a doubt.”
Meanwhile, others like Karl Schumacher find the prospect of choosing between Trump or Biden alarming. “Trump is terrifying, and Biden I don’t think is cognitively there,” he said. This underscores the growing polarity and makes the forthcoming election cycle a critical moment for American politics.
—
Read More US Political News